Flat Steel Bar Prices and Sizes | Steel Flat Bar Guide

Steel Flat Bar

Flat Steel Bar Prices and Sizes | Steel Flat Bar Guide

Flat steel bar (steel flat bar) is a long steel product with a rectangular cross-section and flat surfaces. It is used in many industries, from machine manufacturing and steel construction to die making and the automotive supply industry. Choosing the right flat bar requires balancing dimensions, grade, tolerance, and price. In this guide, you will find the factors affecting flat steel bar prices, standard flat bar sizes, and a weight table.

What is a flat steel bar and where is it used?

What is a flat bar? A flat bar is a flat steel profile whose width is significantly greater than its thickness, with sharp or slightly rounded edges. Hot-rolled flat bars are manufactured according to EN 10058, while cold-drawn flat bars are manufactured according to EN 10278. The main applications include:
  • Machine frames, chassis, and fastening components
  • Die plates, blades, and key manufacturing
  • Steel structures, stairs, railings, and connection plates
  • Slides, guide rails, and wear plates
  • Automotive and heavy equipment components
If you are wondering about the differences between flat steel bars and other similar flat steel products, see our article Differences Between Flat Steel Bars and Similar Steel Products.

Hot-rolled or cold-drawn flat steel bar?

The first question when purchasing a flat steel bar is which manufacturing method is suitable for your application.
PropertyHot-Rolled Flat Bar (EN 10058)Cold-Drawn Flat Bar (EN 10278)
SurfaceMill-scaled, matteBright, smooth
ToleranceWiderTighter (h9–h11 range)
Edge ProfileSlightly roundedSharp and uniform
Mechanical PropertiesStandardIncreased strength through cold working
Machining RequirementHigherLittle or none
PriceMore economicalHigher
For structural and welded fabrication applications, hot-rolled flat steel bars are generally sufficient. For components requiring dimensional accuracy, direct assembly without machining, or better surface quality, cold-drawn flat steel bars are preferred. Uyar Çelik can also supply imported cold-drawn flat bars in widths exceeding 200 mm.

Factors affecting flat steel bar prices

Flat steel bar prices are generally calculated per kilogram. The main factors affecting the price per kilogram include:
  • Material grade: Structural steels such as S235JR and S275JR are generally economical, while C45, 16MnCr5, and 42CrMo4 flat bars are typically more expensive.
  • Manufacturing method: Cold-drawn flat bars are more expensive than hot-rolled flat bars due to the additional processing involved.
  • Dimensions: Standard, high-demand sizes are generally more economical, while very wide or custom dimensions may increase the price.
  • Tolerance and edge profile: Tight tolerances and sharp-edge requirements increase production costs.
  • Quantity and cutting: Bulk orders and custom-length cutting requirements affect the final price in different ways.
  • Current market conditions: Changes in scrap, energy, and exchange rates can quickly affect flat steel bar prices.

Standard flat steel bar sizes and weight table

Flat bar dimensions are specified as “width × thickness” (mm). Weight per meter is calculated using the following formula:
  • Weight (kg/m) = Width (mm) × Thickness (mm) × 0.00785
Flat Bar Size (mm)Weight per Meter (kg/m)6 m Length Weight (kg)
20 × 50.794.71
30 × 51.187.07
40 × 51.579.42
40 × 103.1418.84
50 × 103.9323.55
60 × 104.7128.26
80 × 106.2837.68
100 × 107.8547.10
100 × 2015.7094.20
120 × 3028.26169.56
For dimensions not included in the table, you can use the Uyar Çelik Weight Calculator to calculate flat bar weight instantly. The values are theoretical, and actual weight may vary slightly depending on manufacturing tolerances.

What should you consider when buying flat steel bars?

We recommend following these steps when ordering the right flat steel bar:
  • Determine the grade: Choose a grade that provides the strength required by the application; if welding is required, consider low-carbon grades.
  • Choose the manufacturing method: Select hot-rolled or cold-drawn flat bar depending on whether the component will require further machining.
  • Specify your requirements: Clearly state your tolerance, straightness, and edge-profile requirements in your request for quotation.
  • Request certification: If required, request an EN 10204 3.1 material certificate.
  • Specify the length: Clarify whether you need standard stock lengths (6–12 m) or custom-cut lengths.

Steel grade guide for flat bar selection

To achieve the right balance between flat steel bar price and performance, the material grade should be selected according to the application. The following summary provides guidance for common applications:
ApplicationRecommended Flat Bar Grade
Steel structures, railings, connection platesS235JR (St37)
Load-bearing welded fabrication, chassisS355JR (St52)
Keys, slides, wear platesC45 (Ck45)
Slides and guides requiring surface hardening16MnCr5
Blades and spring componentsSpring steels such as 55Cr3 and 60SiMn5
As a general rule, low-carbon grades should be preferred for flat bars that will be welded, while medium-carbon or alloy grades are more suitable for applications requiring higher wear resistance and hardness.

Flat bar cutting and delivery options

Flat steel bars are generally supplied in 6 m or 12 m lengths. However, storage space and material waste can represent significant costs for many businesses. For this reason, custom-length cutting can simplify transportation while reducing cutting time and scrap in the workshop. By specifying the required quantity and individual piece length in your request for quotation, you can receive a clear price including cutting.

Why Uyar Çelik?

Uyar Çelik supplies hot-rolled and cold-drawn flat steel bars in a wide range of dimensions and grades, including S235JR, S275JR, S355JR, C22, C45, and 16MnCr5. With our facilities in Istanbul, Kocaeli, and Karabük, we offer fast delivery, custom-length cutting, and production with standard or special tolerances.

Frequently asked questions

Are flat steel bars priced per meter or per kilogram?

In industrial sales, flat steel bars are generally priced per kilogram. To calculate the price per meter, simply multiply the weight per meter by the current price per kilogram.

Are steel flat bars and flat steel bars the same thing?

Yes. In common usage, both terms refer to the same product. “Flat steel bar” and “steel flat bar” are both used for solid rectangular steel bars.

What sizes are available for cold-drawn flat steel bars?

Cold-drawn flat bars are manufactured in a wide range of dimensions according to EN 10278. You can contact our sales team to check stock availability for the dimensions you require.

Conclusion

Flat steel bar prices vary according to material grade, manufacturing method, dimensions, tolerance, and cutting requirements. To select the right flat bar, first determine the requirements of the application and then choose the appropriate grade and manufacturing method. Request a quote for flat steel bar prices and available stock sizes: +90 (212) 485 98 98 or visit our contact page.

Özel ölçülerde çelik çubuk ihtiyacınız mı var?

Uyar Çelik’in uzman ekibiyle iletişime geçin. Sıcak haddelenmiş ve soğuk çekilmiş çelik çubuk çeşitlerimiz hakkında teknik destek ve fiyat teklifi alabilirsiniz.

Telefon: +90 (212) 485 9898  |  Web: uyarcelik.com

Hemen İletişime Geç

Diğer Gönderiler

Ağırlık Hesaplama

Çelik profil ağırlığı — yuvarlak, lama, boru, kare, altıgen

Yuvarlak
Lama
Boru
Kare
Altıgen
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
Çap² × 0.006165 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
Kalınlık × Genişlik × 0.00785 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
mm
m
ad
Dış Çap²
0
İç Çap²
0
Fark
0
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
(Dış Çap² − İç Çap²) × 0.006165 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
Kenar² × 0.00785 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
s² × 0.0068 × Boy(m) × Adet
Çelik yoğunluğu: 7.85 g/cm³

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.

Square Steel Bar: Sizes, Weight Table and Prices

Square Steel Bar: Sizes, Weight Table and Prices

Square steel bar is a solid steel bar with four sides of equal length. It is commonly referred to as a “square steel bar,” “solid square bar,” or simply “square bar.” Thanks to its durable structure, machinability, and weldability, it is used in a wide range of applications, from machine manufacturing and ornamental ironwork to die making and steel construction. In this guide, you will find square steel bar sizes, a weight table, information on which steel grades are suitable for different applications, and the main factors that determine square steel bar prices.

What is a square steel bar? How is it different from a square hollow section?

What is a square steel bar? A square steel bar has a completely solid cross-section. It should not be confused with a square hollow section (square steel tube), which has a hollow interior. The solid cross-section gives square steel bars significantly higher load-bearing capacity and resistance to torsion and impact. For this reason, they are preferred for components subjected to mechanical loads, keys and pins, as well as parts that will be shaped by forging or machining. Hot-rolled square steel bars are manufactured according to EN 10059, while cold-drawn square steel bars are manufactured according to EN 10278.

Square steel bar applications

The main applications of square steel bars include:

  • Machine components, guides, and fastening elements
  • Keys, pins, and tool holders
  • Raw material for forged components
  • Ornamental ironwork, gates, railings, and decorative applications
  • Dies, molds, and fixture components
  • Connection details in steel structures

Which square steel grade should you choose?

The most important factor determining the price and performance of a square steel bar is the material grade. The most commonly preferred grades for different applications include:

GradeCategoryTypical Application
S235JR (St37)Structural steelSteel structures, ornamental ironwork, general manufacturing
S355JR (St52)High-strength structural steelLoad-bearing connections, chassis components
C22 / C35Engineering steelGeneral machine components, welded fabrication
C45 (Ck45)Quenched and tempered steelKeys, pins, gear blanks, wear-resistant components
16MnCr5Case-hardening steelComponents requiring surface hardening
42CrMo4Alloy quenched and tempered steelHeavy-duty components requiring high strength

Square steel bar sizes and weight table

Square steel bar size is specified by its side length (a). The weight per meter is calculated using the following formula:

  • Weight (kg/m) = a² × 0.00785 (a: mm)
Square Size (mm)Weight per Meter (kg/m)6 m Length Weight (kg)
10 × 100.794.71
12 × 121.136.78
16 × 162.0112.06
20 × 203.1418.84
25 × 254.9129.44
30 × 307.0742.39
40 × 4012.5675.36
50 × 5019.63117.75
60 × 6028.26169.56
80 × 8050.24301.44
100 × 10078.50471.00

For sizes not included in the table, you can use our free Uyar Çelik Weight Calculator. The values are theoretical; actual weight may vary slightly due to corner radii and manufacturing tolerances.

Difference between hot-rolled and cold-drawn square steel bars

Hot-rolled square steel bars are formed at high temperatures, resulting in a mill-scale surface, slightly rounded corners, and wider dimensional tolerances. Because they are economical, they are ideal for structural applications and components that will undergo further machining. Cold-drawn square steel bars, on the other hand, are produced by drawing the material through a die at room temperature. They offer a bright surface, sharper corners, tighter tolerances, and higher strength. By reducing machining requirements, cold-drawn square bars can lower total production costs in high-volume manufacturing. They are generally preferred for components such as keys and pins that are installed with little or no additional machining.

PropertyHot-Rolled (EN 10059)Cold-Drawn (EN 10278)
SurfaceMill scaleBright
Corner ProfileSlightly roundedSharp
ToleranceWiderTighter
StrengthStandardHigher
Typical ApplicationsStructural applications, parts requiring machiningKeys, pins, ready-to-assemble components

How are square steel bar prices determined?

Square steel bar prices are calculated by weight and vary depending on the following factors:

  • Steel grade: Non-alloy S235JR is generally the most economical option, while grades such as C45, 16MnCr5, and 42CrMo4 are typically more expensive.
  • Manufacturing method: Cold-drawn square steel bars are generally more expensive than hot-rolled bars.
  • Size and stock availability: Standard sizes can generally be supplied faster and at a more competitive price.
  • Quantity: The price per kilogram is generally more competitive for orders placed by the ton.
  • Cutting and delivery: Custom-length cutting and transportation costs are added to the total price.
  • Market conditions: Scrap, energy, and exchange-rate fluctuations can periodically affect square steel bar prices.

Practical example: A 40×40 mm square steel bar weighs approximately 12.56 kg per meter. Ten 6-meter lengths therefore have a total weight of approximately 753.6 kg. The total material cost can be calculated by multiplying this weight by the current price per kilogram.

What should you consider when ordering square steel bars?

  • Grade and standard: Specify them clearly (e.g., C45 – EN 10083-2, hot-rolled – EN 10059).
  • Corner profile and tolerance: Specify your requirements for corner geometry and dimensional tolerance.
  • Length: Specify whether you require 6 m, 12 m, or custom-cut lengths.
  • Welding: If the material will be welded, consider grades with a lower carbon equivalent.
  • Certification: Request an EN 10204 3.1 certificate for critical applications.

A brief guide to square steel bar tolerances

For hot-rolled square steel bars, tolerances for side dimensions, corner radii, straightness, and twist are defined by EN 10059. These tolerances are generally sufficient for components that will undergo subsequent machining. For components that will be assembled directly, fitted into keyways, or used as guides, cold-drawn square steel bars with h9–h11 tolerances according to EN 10278 should be considered. For more information about tolerances, see our article What Are Steel Tolerances?.

Square steel bar or round steel bar?

In some applications, square and round steel bars can be considered alternatives. If the component will rotate or be machined on a lathe, a round steel bar is generally more economical. For components where flat surfaces are important, such as keys, guides, and tool holders, or parts that will be milled or must be prevented from rotating, a square steel bar can reduce both machining time and material waste.

Square steel bar supply from Uyar Çelik

Uyar Çelik supplies hot-rolled square steel bars compliant with EN 10059 and cold-drawn square steel bars compliant with EN 10278 in S235JR, S355JR, C22, C45, 16MnCr5, and many other grades. In addition to standard 6–12 meter lengths, we offer custom-length cutting and production with standard or special tolerances.

Frequently asked questions

Are square steel bars and square hollow sections the same?

No. A square steel bar has a solid cross-section, while a square hollow section is a hollow tube. Their load-bearing capacities and applications are different.

How much does a 20×20 mm square steel bar weigh?

A 20×20 mm square steel bar weighs approximately 3.14 kg per meter. A 6-meter length weighs approximately 18.84 kg.

Can square steel bars be welded?

Low-carbon grades such as S235JR, S355JR, and C22 are generally easy to weld. Additional precautions such as preheating may be required for C45 and alloy steel grades.

Conclusion

A square steel bar is a solid-section steel product that offers high load-bearing capacity and impact resistance and is used in a wide range of applications, from machine manufacturing to ornamental ironwork. To make the right selection, steel grade, manufacturing method, tolerance, and dimensions should be evaluated together. Contact us for square steel bar prices and available stock sizes: +90 (212) 485 98 98 or visit our contact page.

Özel ölçülerde çelik çubuk ihtiyacınız mı var?

Uyar Çelik’in uzman ekibiyle iletişime geçin. Sıcak haddelenmiş ve soğuk çekilmiş çelik çubuk çeşitlerimiz hakkında teknik destek ve fiyat teklifi alabilirsiniz.

Telefon: +90 (212) 485 9898  |  Web: uyarcelik.com

Hemen İletişime Geç

Diğer Gönderiler

Ağırlık Hesaplama

Çelik profil ağırlığı — yuvarlak, lama, boru, kare, altıgen

Yuvarlak
Lama
Boru
Kare
Altıgen
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
Çap² × 0.006165 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
Kalınlık × Genişlik × 0.00785 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
mm
m
ad
Dış Çap²
0
İç Çap²
0
Fark
0
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
(Dış Çap² − İç Çap²) × 0.006165 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
Kenar² × 0.00785 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
s² × 0.0068 × Boy(m) × Adet
Çelik yoğunluğu: 7.85 g/cm³

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.

Steel Shaft and Steel Bar Selection: Grade, Size, Tolerance

steel shafts

Steel Shaft and Steel Bar Selection: Grade, Size, Tolerance

Steel shafts and steel bars are fundamental components in machine manufacturing. Gears, pins, fastening bolts, axles, piston rods, or simple bushings—all of these often begin as a round steel bar. However, choosing the wrong steel grade or an unnecessarily tight tolerance can both shorten the service life of the component and increase costs unnecessarily. This guide has been prepared to help you make the right decision when buying steel shafts.

What is the difference between a steel shaft and a steel bar?

In everyday use, the two terms are often used interchangeably. Technically, a steel bar is a general term for long steel products with round, square, hexagonal, or flat cross-sections. A steel shaft generally refers to a solid round bar used for components that rotate or support an axis. Hot-rolled round bars are manufactured according to EN 10060, while cold-drawn bars are manufactured according to EN 10278.

Step 1: Choose the right steel grade for the application

The steel grade should be selected according to the load, wear, impact, and operating conditions the component will be exposed to.

ApplicationRecommended GradeWhy?
Light-duty shafts, pins, bushingsS235JR, C22Economical, easy to machine and weld
General machinery shafts, axlesS355JR, C35Higher yield strength
Transmission shafts, keys, pinsC45 (Ck45)Suitable for quenching and tempering and induction hardening
Gears, pinions, camshafts16MnCr5, 20MnCr5Hard surface and ductile core through case hardening
Heavy-duty shafts, crankshafts, bolts42CrMo4High strength and toughness
Very high loads, large cross-sections34CrNiMo6High hardenability even in thick sections
High-volume turned partsFree-cutting steels (11SMnPb30, etc.)High material removal rate
Corrosive environmentsStainless steels (304, 420, etc.)Corrosion resistance

For more information about materials used for high-volume turned parts, see our article What Is Free-Cutting Steel?.

Step 2: Determine the manufacturing method and tolerance

If your component will be turned to its final dimensions, a hot-rolled bar is generally the most economical solution; the next larger diameter is selected to allow sufficient machining allowance. If the component will be assembled without machining its outside diameter, or if you want to reduce machining time, cold-drawn (bright) steel should be preferred. Tolerances for cold-drawn steels are expressed using ISO h tolerance classes:

Tolerance ClassDeviation for 18–30 mm DiameterTypical Application
h110 / -0.130 mmGeneral manufacturing, parts requiring machining
h100 / -0.084 mmMedium-precision components
h90 / -0.052 mmTransmission shafts, bushings
h80 / -0.033 mmPrecision bearing surfaces
h70 / -0.021 mmGround precision shafts and guideways

Uyar Çelik can supply products in tolerance classes ranging from h6 to h12 according to TS EN 10278. Tight tolerances such as h6–h8 are achieved on polished and ground surfaces.

Step 3: Specify the heat treatment condition

Steel shafts of the same grade can have different mechanical properties and prices depending on their heat treatment condition:

  • +N (Normalized): Homogeneous structure for general-purpose applications.
  • +A (Soft Annealed): Improved machinability for components that will undergo subsequent heat treatment.
  • +QT (Quenched and Tempered): High strength ready for use; no additional heat treatment required in the workshop.
  • Induction surface hardening: A hard surface layer with a tough core for surfaces exposed to wear.

Steel shaft weight table

The weight per meter of a round steel bar is calculated using the following formula:

  • Weight (kg/m) = d² × 0.006165 (d: mm)
Diameter (mm)Weight per Meter (kg/m)6 m Length Weight (kg)
Ø100.623.70
Ø161.589.47
Ø202.4714.80
Ø253.8523.12
Ø305.5533.29
Ø409.8659.18
Ø5015.4192.48
Ø6022.19133.16
Ø7030.21181.25
Ø8039.46236.74
Ø10061.65369.90
Ø12088.78532.66

For other dimensions, you can use our Uyar Çelik Weight Calculator. The values are theoretical; actual weight may vary slightly depending on manufacturing tolerances.

What affects steel shaft prices?

Steel shaft prices are generally determined on a per-kilogram basis. The main factors affecting the price include:

  • Steel grade: The price per kilogram generally increases as alloy content increases.
  • Manufacturing method: Whether the material is hot-rolled or cold-drawn.
  • Tolerance class: Costs increase as tolerances become tighter.
  • Heat treatment condition: +N, +A, +QT, or surface hardening.
  • Surface finishing: Additional processes such as peeling and grinding.
  • Quantity, cutting, and transportation: Order tonnage and logistics requirements.

When evaluating the total cost, you should consider not only the price per kilogram but also machining time and material waste in your workshop.

Common mistakes when selecting steel shafts

The most common mistakes when ordering steel shafts include:

  • Buying material with unnecessarily tight tolerances (h7–h8) for components that will be machined
  • Selecting a high-carbon or alloy steel grade for components that need to be welded
  • Using a steel grade with insufficient hardenability for large-diameter, heavily loaded shafts
  • Ordering hot-rolled bars at the exact finished dimension without allowing for machining allowance
  • Failing to request a material certificate for critical components

Surface condition: Cold-drawn, peeled, and ground

Bright steels are classified not only by tolerance but also by their surface condition:

  • Cold-drawn: The most common type of bright steel; provides good surface quality and h9–h11 tolerances.
  • Peeled (turned): Particularly preferred for larger diameters; surface decarburization and defects are removed by machining.
  • Ground and polished: Used for precision shafts requiring tight tolerances such as h6–h8 and low surface roughness.

For components that will undergo heat treatment or induction hardening, it is important that the surface does not contain a decarburized layer. Therefore, choosing a peeled or ground surface for critical shafts makes it easier to achieve the target surface hardness after hardening.

How is machining allowance determined?

For a component that will be turned from hot-rolled bar, the next standard size above the final diameter is generally selected. For example, for a shaft with a finished diameter of Ø45 mm, a Ø50 mm hot-rolled bar is a common choice. Straightness deviation should also be taken into account for long and slender components.

The right shaft at the right price with Uyar Çelik

Uyar Çelik supplies hot-rolled and cold-drawn round bars in a wide range of diameters in accordance with EN and ASTM standards. With custom-length cutting, special-tolerance production, and imported alloy steel bar options, we provide the most suitable solution for your project.

Frequently asked questions

Which steel is used for transmission shafts?

For general applications, C45 (Ck45) is commonly preferred, while 42CrMo4 is used for higher loads. Cold-drawn shafts with h9 tolerance are commonly used for precision bearing applications.

Should I choose a solid shaft or a hollow shaft?

Solid shafts are generally preferred for small- and medium-diameter applications subjected to high torsional and bending loads. For large-diameter applications where weight is critical, seamless steel tubing may be considered.

What is the difference between h9 and h11?

Both are shaft tolerance classes, but h9 has a tighter deviation range. For example, for diameters between 18 and 30 mm, the permitted deviation is 0/-0.052 mm for h9 and 0/-0.130 mm for h11.

Conclusion

Choosing the right steel shaft starts with selecting the appropriate steel grade for the application, the required tolerance, the correct heat treatment condition, and the appropriate surface condition. Choosing an unnecessarily tight tolerance or the wrong steel grade increases costs, while the right selection extends component service life and reduces total production costs. Request a quotation for your steel shaft and steel bar requirements today: +90 (212) 485 98 98 or visit our contact page.

Özel ölçülerde çelik çubuk ihtiyacınız mı var?

Uyar Çelik’in uzman ekibiyle iletişime geçin. Sıcak haddelenmiş ve soğuk çekilmiş çelik çubuk çeşitlerimiz hakkında teknik destek ve fiyat teklifi alabilirsiniz.

Telefon: +90 (212) 485 9898  |  Web: uyarcelik.com

Hemen İletişime Geç

Diğer Gönderiler

Ağırlık Hesaplama

Çelik profil ağırlığı — yuvarlak, lama, boru, kare, altıgen

Yuvarlak
Lama
Boru
Kare
Altıgen
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
Çap² × 0.006165 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
Kalınlık × Genişlik × 0.00785 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
mm
m
ad
Dış Çap²
0
İç Çap²
0
Fark
0
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
(Dış Çap² − İç Çap²) × 0.006165 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
Kenar² × 0.00785 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
s² × 0.0068 × Boy(m) × Adet
Çelik yoğunluğu: 7.85 g/cm³

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.

Transmission Shaft Prices, Sizes and Tolerances

Transmission Shaft Prices, Sizes and Tolerances

Transmission shafts are round-section steel components that transmit rotational motion and torque from an engine or drive source to other machine components through pulleys, gears, couplings, and bearings. They are used in almost every type of machinery, from conveyors and machine tools to pumps and packaging equipment. The right transmission shaft provides dimensional accuracy for proper bearing fits, a smooth surface, and sufficient strength for the applied load. In this guide, we cover the technical criteria you should consider when buying a transmission shaft and the main factors that determine its price. To learn more about the steel grades commonly used for transmission shafts, you can also read our article Which Steel Is Used for Transmission Shafts?.

Why are transmission shafts made from cold-drawn steel?

Transmission shafts are commonly supplied as cold-drawn (bright) steel. There are three main reasons for this:

  • Dimensional accuracy: Cold drawing makes it possible to achieve tight tolerances such as h9 or h11, allowing the shaft to be fitted to bearings, pulleys, and gears without machining the outside diameter.
  • Surface quality: The bright and smooth surface helps extend seal and bearing service life.
  • Increased strength: Cold working increases the yield strength of the material.

These advantages reduce machining time and lower the total part cost in mass production.

Choosing the right steel grade for a transmission shaft

The steel grade should be selected according to the load, rotational speed, impact conditions, and operating environment of the shaft:

GradePropertiesTypical Applications
S235JR / C15Economical and easy to machineLight-duty, low-speed shafts
S355JR (St52)Higher yield strengthMedium-duty conveyor and general machinery shafts
C45 (Ck45)Suitable for quenching and tempering and induction hardeningOne of the most commonly used transmission shaft grades
42CrMo4High strength and fatigue resistanceHeavy-duty shafts exposed to impact loads
11SMnPb30 (free-cutting steel)High machinabilityLight-duty, high-volume turned components
Stainless Steel (304, 420)Corrosion resistanceFood, chemical, and marine applications

For more information about grades used in high-volume turned components, see our article What Is Free-Cutting Steel?.

Tolerance selection: h9 or h11?

The compatibility of a transmission shaft with bearings and pulleys depends on its tolerance class. According to ISO 286, the upper deviation of shaft tolerances is zero, while the lower deviation varies according to the diameter range:

Diameter Range (mm)h11 (mm)h9 (mm)h8 (mm)
6 – 100 / -0.0900 / -0.0360 / -0.022
10 – 180 / -0.1100 / -0.0430 / -0.027
18 – 300 / -0.1300 / -0.0520 / -0.033
30 – 500 / -0.1600 / -0.0620 / -0.039
50 – 800 / -0.1900 / -0.0740 / -0.046
80 – 1200 / -0.2200 / -0.0870 / -0.054

h11 is generally sufficient for general manufacturing and shafts that will undergo further machining. h9 is one of the most commonly preferred tolerances for transmission shafts and is compatible with standard bearing applications. h8 and tighter tolerances are generally preferred for precision bearing arrangements, linear guides, and high-speed applications, typically in combination with a ground surface.

Transmission shaft sizes and weight table

The weight per meter of a round shaft can be calculated using the following formula:

  • Weight (kg/m) = d² × 0.006165 (d: mm)
Diameter (mm)kg/m3 m Length (kg)6 m Length (kg)
Ø120.892.665.33
Ø161.584.739.47
Ø202.477.4014.80
Ø253.8511.5623.12
Ø305.5516.6533.29
Ø357.5522.6645.31
Ø409.8629.5959.18
Ø5015.4146.2492.48
Ø6022.1966.58133.16

For diameters not included in the table, you can use our Uyar Çelik Weight Calculator. The values are theoretical; actual weights may vary slightly depending on manufacturing tolerances.

Factors affecting transmission shaft prices

Transmission shaft prices are generally calculated on a per-kilogram basis. The main factors affecting the price include:

  • Material grade: C45 is generally more expensive than S235JR, while 42CrMo4 is typically more expensive than C45.
  • Tolerance class: h9 is generally more expensive than h11, while h8–h6 ground shafts are more expensive than h9 shafts.
  • Surface finishing: Processes such as drawing, peeling, grinding, or polishing add to the total cost.
  • Heat treatment and hardening: Quenched and tempered or induction-hardened shafts involve additional processing costs.
  • Straightness requirements: Straightness requirements for long and slender shafts can affect the price.
  • Quantity, cutting, and delivery: Ton-based purchases may offer cost advantages, while custom-length cutting and transportation affect the final price.

Pre-order checklist

For a fast and accurate quotation, we recommend including the following information in your inquiry:

  • Dimensions: Shaft diameter and length (standard length or cut-to-size)
  • Grade and standard: For example, C45 – EN 10083-2, EN 10278
  • Tolerance class: h11, h9, h8…
  • Surface condition: Cold-drawn, peeled, or ground
  • Heat treatment: +N, +QT, or induction-hardening requirements
  • Quantity and certification: Number of pieces / tonnage and EN 10204 3.1 certificate requirement

Straightness and keyways in transmission shafts

For long transmission shafts, straightness is just as important as dimensional tolerance. A bent shaft can cause vibration, bearing overheating, and seal leakage. For this reason, especially for long and slender shafts over 2 meters, we recommend specifying your straightness requirements in your request for quotation.

For shafts that require a keyway, residual stresses caused by the cold-drawing process may cause the shaft to bend slightly after the keyway is machined. In precision applications, this risk can be reduced by selecting stress-relieved material or straightening the shaft after machining the keyway.

Why Uyar Çelik?

Uyar Çelik supplies cold-drawn round steel bars compliant with TS EN 10278 and ASTM A108 in tolerance classes ranging from h6 to h12. With a wide range of diameters, custom-length cutting services, and our facilities in Istanbul, Kocaeli, and Karabük, we can meet your transmission shaft requirements quickly and reliably.

Frequently asked questions

What material is used for transmission shafts?

The most commonly used grade is C45 (Ck45) steel. S235JR or S355JR may be preferred for light-duty applications, 42CrMo4 for heavy-duty applications, and stainless steel for corrosive environments.

What does h9 tolerance mean for a transmission shaft?

h9 is a shaft tolerance class defined according to ISO 286. The shaft diameter cannot exceed the nominal dimension. For example, a Ø30 mm shaft must have a diameter between 29.948 and 30.000 mm.

How is the price of a transmission shaft calculated?

The total shaft weight (kg/m × length) is multiplied by the current price per kilogram. Additional services such as cutting, grinding, or heat treatment are then added to the total cost.

Conclusion

The right transmission shaft starts with selecting the appropriate steel grade for the application, a tolerance class compatible with the bearings, a suitable surface finish, and sufficient straightness. Choosing an unnecessarily tight tolerance or the wrong steel grade increases costs, while the right selection can extend bearing and seal service life and reduce the total cost of the component.

For transmission shaft prices and available diameters, request a quotation: +90 (212) 485 98 98 or visit our contact page.

Özel ölçülerde çelik çubuk ihtiyacınız mı var?

Uyar Çelik’in uzman ekibiyle iletişime geçin. Sıcak haddelenmiş ve soğuk çekilmiş çelik çubuk çeşitlerimiz hakkında teknik destek ve fiyat teklifi alabilirsiniz.

Telefon: +90 (212) 485 9898  |  Web: uyarcelik.com

Hemen İletişime Geç

Diğer Gönderiler

Ağırlık Hesaplama

Çelik profil ağırlığı — yuvarlak, lama, boru, kare, altıgen

Yuvarlak
Lama
Boru
Kare
Altıgen
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
Çap² × 0.006165 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
Kalınlık × Genişlik × 0.00785 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
mm
m
ad
Dış Çap²
0
İç Çap²
0
Fark
0
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
(Dış Çap² − İç Çap²) × 0.006165 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
Kenar² × 0.00785 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
s² × 0.0068 × Boy(m) × Adet
Çelik yoğunluğu: 7.85 g/cm³

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.

S355J2 Steel: Properties, S355JR Comparison and Supply

S355J2 Steel: Properties, S355JR Comparison and Supply

S355J2 is a high-strength, non-alloy structural steel defined in the EN 10025-2 standard. Its material number is 1.0577, and it is considered the current equivalent of the St52-3 grade in the former DIN standard. Thanks to its impact toughness at low temperatures, it is widely used in demanding applications such as steel construction, bridges, cranes, construction machinery and wind energy. In this article, you will find the technical properties of S355J2, how it differs from S355JR and what to consider when purchasing it.

What does the S355J2 designation mean?

Each letter and number in the grade name S355J2 indicates a specific property of the steel:

  • S: Structural steel
  • 355: Minimum yield strength of 355 MPa for the smallest thickness group (≤16 mm)
  • J2: Minimum impact energy of 27 J at -20 °C in the Charpy impact test

Other grades in the same family are distinguished by impact test temperature: S355JR provides 27 J at +20 °C, S355J0 at 0 °C and S355J2 at -20 °C, while S355K2 provides 40 J at -20 °C. The delivery condition is usually specified as +N (normalized or normalized rolled) or +AR (as rolled), which is why S355J2+N is a common designation.

S355J2 chemical composition

Heat analysis according to EN 10025-2 (for thickness ≤16 mm, maximum values):

ElementMax. (%)
Carbon (C)0.20
Silicon (Si)0.55
Manganese (Mn)1.60
Phosphorus (P)0.025
Sulfur (S)0.025
Copper (Cu)0.55

The carbon content may increase slightly as thickness increases. The carbon equivalent value (CEV) is a maximum of 0.45 for thicknesses up to 30 mm, which gives S355J2 good weldability.

S355J2 mechanical properties

The main mechanical properties of S355J2 according to EN 10025-2 are:

PropertyValue
Yield strength (≤16 mm)min. 355 MPa
Yield strength (16–40 mm)min. 345 MPa
Tensile strength (3–100 mm)470 – 630 MPa
Elongation at break (longitudinal)min. 22%
Impact energymin. 27 J at -20 °C

The minimum yield strength gradually decreases as thickness increases. When performing design calculations for thick-section parts, the values for the relevant thickness group should be used.

Difference between S355J2 and S355JR

Both grades have the same yield and tensile strength. The main difference is the temperature at which impact toughness is guaranteed, along with the correspondingly tighter phosphorus and sulfur limits.

CriterionS355JR (1.0045)S355J2 (1.0577)
Impact test temperature+20 °C-20 °C
Min. impact energy27 J27 J
P and S limitsWiderTighter
Typical useGeneral construction, indoor environmentsOutdoor environments, cold climates, dynamic loads
PriceMore economicalSlightly higher

If your structure will operate in a cold climate, outdoors or under dynamic loads such as vibration and impact, S355J2 is the safer choice. For indoor and statically loaded applications, S355JR is usually sufficient. You can find a detailed look at the differences between S235 and S355 grades in our article S235 (St37) vs. S355 (St52) Steel Comparison.

S355J2 applications

Typical applications of S355J2 include:

  • Steel construction, bridges and industrial structures
  • Cranes, lifting equipment and construction machinery chassis
  • Wind turbine towers and connection components
  • Trailers, semi-trailers and vehicle bodies
  • Non-pressurized tanks and silos
  • Machine frames and heavily loaded welded fabrications

S355J2 international equivalents

Grades equivalent to S355J2 in different standards are as follows:

StandardEquivalent
EN 10025-2S355J2 (1.0577)
Former DIN 17100St52-3 (St52-3N)
ASTM (approx.)A572 Grade 50
JIS (approx.)SM490

International equivalents are not identical in terms of chemical composition and test conditions; for critical applications, certificate values should be the basis for decisions.

What to consider when buying S355J2

  • Delivery condition: Specify +N or +AR.
  • Yield strength: Check the minimum yield strength for your thickness group.
  • Certification: Request an EN 10204 3.1 certificate that includes impact test results.
  • Section and tolerance: Clarify the flat, round, square or hexagon section and the dimensional tolerance.
  • Carbon equivalent: If welded fabrication is planned, verify the CEV value on the certificate.

S355J2 delivery conditions: +N vs. +AR

Under EN 10025-2, S355J2 can be delivered in the as-rolled (+AR) or normalized / normalized rolled (+N) condition. In the +N condition, the material has been formed at normalizing temperature or normalized afterwards, giving it a more uniform, fine-grained structure. For parts that will undergo subsequent hot forming or normalizing, the +N delivery condition is preferred to preserve mechanical properties. For standard construction applications, the +AR condition is usually sufficient. Specifying the delivery condition in your request for quotation also makes it easier to compare certificates and prices.

In which forms is S355J2 supplied?

In addition to sheet and plate, S355J2 grade steel is also used in long product forms such as flat, square, round and hexagon bars. Dimensional and shape tolerances are determined according to EN 10058–10061 for hot rolled bars and EN 10278 for cold drawn bars. In machine building, S355J2 round bars are frequently used for pins, bushings, joints and welded shaft applications. S355J2 in flat bar form is used for connection plates, lugs and chassis reinforcements.

Practical notes on welding

  • Surface cleanliness: Mill scale, rust and oil should be removed from the surface before welding.
  • Preheating: The need for preheating should be evaluated for thick sections and low ambient temperatures.
  • Consumables: Using low-hydrogen electrodes and wire reduces the risk of cold cracking.
  • Procedure: For structures under dynamic loads, working with a welding procedure specification (WPS) is recommended.

S355 grade steel supply from Uyar Çelik

Uyar Çelik supplies structural and engineering steels such as S355JR, S235JR, S275JR, E295, E335 and E360 in flat, square, round and hexagon sections. For grades with special impact requirements such as S355J2, you can share your requirements with our sales team to get up-to-date stock and lead time information.

Frequently asked questions

Are S355J2 and St52 the same?

S355J2 is the EN 10025-2 equivalent of the St52-3 grade in the former DIN standard. The term “St52” is still widely used on the market.

Can S355J2 be welded?

Yes. Thanks to its low carbon equivalent, S355J2 has good weldability. For thick sections, whether preheating is required should be determined by the welding procedure.

What is the material number of S355J2?

The material number of S355J2 is 1.0577.

Conclusion

With impact toughness guaranteed at -20 °C, good weldability and high yield strength, S355J2 is a reliable structural steel for structures in outdoor environments, cold climates and under dynamic loads. For the right choice, delivery condition, thickness group and certificate values should be evaluated together. Get a quote for your S355 grade steel requirements: +90 (212) 485 98 98 or visit our contact page.

Özel ölçülerde çelik çubuk ihtiyacınız mı var?

Uyar Çelik’in uzman ekibiyle iletişime geçin. Sıcak haddelenmiş ve soğuk çekilmiş çelik çubuk çeşitlerimiz hakkında teknik destek ve fiyat teklifi alabilirsiniz.

Telefon: +90 (212) 485 9898  |  Web: uyarcelik.com

Hemen İletişime Geç

Diğer Gönderiler

Ağırlık Hesaplama

Çelik profil ağırlığı — yuvarlak, lama, boru, kare, altıgen

Yuvarlak
Lama
Boru
Kare
Altıgen
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
Çap² × 0.006165 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
Kalınlık × Genişlik × 0.00785 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
mm
m
ad
Dış Çap²
0
İç Çap²
0
Fark
0
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
(Dış Çap² − İç Çap²) × 0.006165 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
Kenar² × 0.00785 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
s² × 0.0068 × Boy(m) × Adet
Çelik yoğunluğu: 7.85 g/cm³

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.

SAE 1040 Steel

SAE 1040 Steel

SAE 1040 (AISI 1040) is a medium-carbon, non-alloy engineering steel containing approximately 0.40% carbon. Because it offers a balanced profile of strength, toughness and machinability, it is preferred in many applications such as machine parts, shafts, bolts and forgings. Its closest equivalents in European standards are C40 (1.0511) and C40E / Ck40 (1.1186), which has lower phosphorus and sulfur content. In this article, we cover the technical properties of 1040 steel and when it should be chosen.

What does the SAE 1040 designation mean?

In the SAE/AISI numbering system, the first two digits indicate the steel group and the last two digits indicate the carbon content. 10xx refers to the non-alloy carbon steel group, and 40 indicates approximately 0.40% carbon. To learn more about this system, see our article What Is the AISI Standard?

SAE 1040 chemical composition

The chemical composition of SAE 1040 and its European equivalent C40 are compared in the table below:

ElementSAE 1040 (%)EN C40 (%)
Carbon (C)0.37 – 0.440.37 – 0.44
Manganese (Mn)0.60 – 0.900.50 – 0.80
Silicon (Si)– (typically 0.10–0.35 depending on production)max. 0.40
Phosphorus (P)max. 0.030max. 0.045
Sulfur (S)max. 0.050max. 0.045

As shown, SAE 1040 and C40 have exactly the same carbon range, with only a small difference in the manganese range.

SAE 1040 mechanical properties

The values below are typical/approximate and may vary depending on section size:

ConditionTensile strengthYield strengthElongationHardness
Hot rolled~620 MPa~415 MPa~25%~200 HB
Cold drawn~690 MPa~580 MPa~12%~200 HB
Normalized~590 MPa~375 MPa~28%~170 HB

Cold drawing significantly increases yield strength while reducing elongation. For this reason, cold drawn 1040 steel is an advantage for shafts that require dimensional accuracy and strength.

SAE 1040 heat treatment

The main heat treatments applied to SAE 1040 steel are:

  • Normalizing: Held at approximately 860–900 °C and air cooled, producing a uniform, fine-grained structure.
  • Soft annealing: Applied to improve machinability.
  • Hardening: Quenched in water or oil from approximately 820–860 °C. Since the hardening depth is limited, it is effective in small and medium cross-sections.
  • Tempering: Carried out after quenching at 400–650 °C, depending on the desired balance of hardness and toughness.
  • Surface hardening: Suitable for flame or induction hardening, producing a hard case with a tough core on wear-exposed surfaces.

Heat treatment temperatures vary depending on cross-section, furnace and desired properties. Exact values should be determined together with your heat treatment specialist.

Where is SAE 1040 used?

Typical applications of SAE 1040 include:

  • Transmission shafts, axles and pins
  • Bolts, studs and fasteners
  • Forged parts such as crankshafts and connecting rods
  • Light and medium-duty gears
  • Hydraulic and pneumatic system components
  • Automotive and agricultural machinery components

SAE 1040 or C45?

1040 and C45 (close to SAE 1045) are often considered alternatives to each other.

CriterionSAE 1040 / C40C45 / SAE 1045
Carbon~0.40%~0.45%
Strength and hardnessSlightly lowerSlightly higher
Toughness and formabilitySlightly betterSlightly lower
WeldabilityLimited (preheating recommended)More limited
Typical useForged parts and fastenersShafts, gears, wear parts

If wear resistance and surface hardness are the priority, C45 can be chosen; if formability and toughness matter more, 1040 can be preferred. For details on C45, see our article C45 Steel Properties.

SAE 1040 international equivalents

Grades equivalent to SAE 1040 in different standards are as follows:

StandardEquivalent
SAE / AISI1040
EN 10083-2C40 (1.0511), C40E (1.1186)
Former DINC40, Ck40
JISS40C
UNSG10400

What to consider when buying SAE 1040

  • Heat treatment: Determine whether the part will be heat treated; hardenability requirements should be checked against the section size.
  • Production method: Choose between hot rolled and cold drawn products based on your machining needs.
  • Welding: If the part will be welded, plan the preheating and welding procedure.
  • Standard and certification: Specify the standard designation (SAE 1040 / C40 / Ck40) and certificate type in your request for quotation.

Machinability of SAE 1040

Thanks to its medium-carbon structure, SAE 1040 shows balanced performance in machining operations such as turning, milling and drilling. Although its machinability is not as high as that of free-cutting steels, it is sufficient for most general machine parts.

Hot rolled and normalized material is easier to machine; with cold drawn material, cutting parameters need to be adjusted for its higher hardness. In series production, soft annealed material can be chosen to improve machinability.

Which product form should you choose?

  • Hot rolled round bar: Raw material for shafts to be turned, forgings and pressed parts
  • Cold drawn round bar: Pins, axles and precision shafts that go directly into assembly
  • Flat and square bar: Keys, slides, connecting parts and wear plates
  • Hexagon bar: Series production of nuts, fittings and fasteners

Choosing the right form directly affects both machining time and material waste. If you are unsure, you can share your part drawing with our sales team to determine the most economical form together.

SAE 1040 steel supply from Uyar Çelik

Uyar Çelik supplies SAE 1018, 1020, 1030, 1040, 1050 and 1060 grades in accordance with ASTM/SAE standards, in hot rolled flat, square, round and hexagon sections.

With 6–12 meter standard lengths and custom length cutting options, we offer solutions tailored to your production schedule.

Frequently asked questions

What is the equivalent of SAE 1040?

Its closest European equivalents are C40 (1.0511) and C40E/Ck40 (1.1186) in EN 10083-2, and its Japanese equivalent is S40C.

Can 1040 steel be hardened?

Yes. Thanks to its medium-carbon structure, it can be hardened by quenching and tempering, and it is also suitable for induction surface hardening.

Can 1040 steel be welded?

Yes, but due to its carbon content, preheating and controlled cooling are recommended to prevent the risk of cracking.

Conclusion

SAE 1040 is a medium-carbon engineering steel equivalent to C40 and Ck40, offering a balanced profile of strength, toughness and machinability. It is a strong option for forged parts and fasteners where formability and toughness are key, while choosing the right product form and heat treatment determines the part’s performance.

Get a quote for SAE 1040 and other carbon steels: +90 (212) 485 98 98 or visit our contact page.

Özel ölçülerde çelik çubuk ihtiyacınız mı var?

Uyar Çelik’in uzman ekibiyle iletişime geçin. Sıcak haddelenmiş ve soğuk çekilmiş çelik çubuk çeşitlerimiz hakkında teknik destek ve fiyat teklifi alabilirsiniz.

Telefon: +90 (212) 485 9898  |  Web: uyarcelik.com

Hemen İletişime Geç

Diğer Gönderiler

Ağırlık Hesaplama

Çelik profil ağırlığı — yuvarlak, lama, boru, kare, altıgen

Yuvarlak
Lama
Boru
Kare
Altıgen
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
Çap² × 0.006165 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
Kalınlık × Genişlik × 0.00785 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
mm
m
ad
Dış Çap²
0
İç Çap²
0
Fark
0
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
(Dış Çap² − İç Çap²) × 0.006165 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
Kenar² × 0.00785 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
s² × 0.0068 × Boy(m) × Adet
Çelik yoğunluğu: 7.85 g/cm³

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.

AISI 4140 Steel: Properties, 42CrMo4 Equivalent, Supply

AISI 4140 Steel: Properties, 42CrMo4 Equivalent, Supply

AISI 4140 (SAE 4140) is a medium-carbon chromium-molybdenum alloyed quenched and tempered steel. Because it combines high strength, good toughness, fatigue strength and hardenability, it is one of the most widely used alloy steels in the machinery, automotive, oil and gas, and defense industries. Its European equivalent is 42CrMo4 (1.7225), and its Japanese equivalent is SCM440. In this article, you will find the technical properties of 4140 material, its heat treatment behavior and the key points to consider when purchasing it.

AISI 4140 designation

In the AISI system, the 41xx group refers to chromium-molybdenum alloy steels. The last two digits, 40, indicate approximately 0.40% carbon. On the market, this steel is also known as “chromoly” or “Cr-Mo steel”.

4140 chemical composition and comparison with 42CrMo4

The chemical composition of AISI 4140 and its European equivalent 42CrMo4 are compared in the table below:

ElementAISI 4140 (%)EN 42CrMo4 (%)
Carbon (C)0.38 – 0.430.38 – 0.45
Manganese (Mn)0.75 – 1.000.60 – 0.90
Silicon (Si)0.15 – 0.35max. 0.40
Chromium (Cr)0.80 – 1.100.90 – 1.20
Molybdenum (Mo)0.15 – 0.250.15 – 0.30
Phosphorus (P)max. 0.035max. 0.025
Sulfur (S)max. 0.040max. 0.035

Although the two grades largely overlap, their manganese and chromium ranges are not identical. Therefore, the certificate must be issued according to whichever standard is specified on the drawing. For more information on 42CrMo4, see our article What Is 42CrMo4 (1.7225) Quenched and Tempered Steel?

Mechanical properties of 4140 steel (quenched and tempered, +QT)

Minimum values for 42CrMo4+QT by section size according to EN 10083-3:

Diameter (mm)Yield strength (min.)Tensile strengthElongation (min.)
≤ 16900 MPa1100 – 1300 MPa10%
16 – 40750 MPa1000 – 1200 MPa11%
40 – 100650 MPa900 – 1100 MPa12%
100 – 160550 MPa800 – 950 MPa13%
160 – 250500 MPa750 – 900 MPa14%

As the table shows, the achievable strength decreases as the cross-section increases. This is due to the limited hardenability through the section. For very large cross-sections, nickel alloyed grades such as 34CrNiMo6 can be considered for higher hardenability.

Heat treatment of 4140 steel

  • Soft annealing (+A): Improves machinability; hardness in the annealed condition is typically below 241 HB.
  • Hardening: Quenched in oil (in water for thin sections) from approximately 820–860 °C.
  • Tempering: Usually carried out in the 540–680 °C range, depending on the required hardness and toughness.
  • Surface hardening: Suitable for induction or flame hardening; surface hardness of approximately 53 HRC and above can be achieved.
  • Nitriding: Quenched and tempered 4140 can be nitrided to increase wear and fatigue resistance.

Exact heat treatment parameters should be determined according to section size and target properties.

Where is AISI 4140 used?

Typical applications of 4140 steel include:

  • Heavily loaded transmission shafts, axles and crankshafts
  • Gears, pinions and couplings
  • High-strength bolts, studs and nuts
  • Hydraulic cylinder rods and piston rods
  • Oil and gas drilling equipment and drill collars
  • Die holders and tool bodies
  • Construction machinery, defense and automotive parts

AISI 4140 international equivalents

Grades equivalent to AISI 4140 in different standards are as follows:

StandardEquivalent
AISI / SAE4140
EN 10083-342CrMo4 (1.7225)
JISSCM440
UNSG41400
GB (China)42CrMo

What to consider when buying 4140 material

  • Delivery condition: Annealed (+A) or quenched and tempered (+QT)? If you will not heat treat in your own workshop, choose +QT.
  • Cross-section and strength: Verify that the strength targeted in the design is achievable in the relevant diameter range.
  • Standard: Check whether the drawing specifies AISI 4140 or 42CrMo4, and request the certificate accordingly.
  • Certification: Verify chemical analysis and mechanical test values with an EN 10204 3.1 certificate.
  • Surface and tolerance: Choose between hot rolled, peeled or cold drawn options based on your machining plan.

Machinability and weldability of 4140 steel

4140 has good machinability in the annealed (+A) condition. In the quenched and tempered (+QT) condition, hardness is higher, so cutting speeds should be reduced and suitable tool coatings selected. Many workshops prefer to machine pre-hardened material to eliminate the risk of distortion from subsequent heat treatment. Weldability, however, is limited. Due to its carbon and alloy content, hard and brittle structures can form in the heat-affected zone. If welding is unavoidable, preheating, controlled interpass temperature, low-hydrogen consumables and post-weld stress relieving should be applied.

4140 or C45?

Many designers have to choose between 4140 and C45 for parts such as shafts and pins. C45 is more economical and provides sufficient strength in small cross-sections. However, as part diameter increases or impact and fatigue loads rise, the hardenability of C45 becomes insufficient. In such cases, 4140, which contains chromium and molybdenum, provides higher and more uniform strength through to the core, significantly extending part life. The decision should be made by evaluating section size, load type and cost together.

4140 / 42CrMo4 supply from Uyar Çelik

For sizes and grades with limited production in Türkiye, Uyar Çelik offers imported hot rolled alloy steel bars and forged steel bars. Through our European logistics center in Düsseldorf and our facilities in Türkiye, we reliably meet your 4140 / 42CrMo4 requirements.

Frequently asked questions

Are 4140 and 42CrMo4 the same steel?

They are largely equivalent; however, their chemical composition ranges are not identical. For critical parts, a certificate conforming to the standard specified on the drawing should be requested.

Does 4140 steel rust?

Yes. 4140 is not a stainless steel; in corrosive environments it must be protected with coating, painting or oiling.

What is the HRC hardness of 4140 steel?

After hardening, it can be adjusted over a wide range depending on the tempering temperature; in the quenched and tempered condition it is typically used at around 28–36 HRC.

Conclusion

AISI 4140 is a versatile chromium-molybdenum quenched and tempered steel that combines high strength, toughness and fatigue strength, and is considered equivalent to 42CrMo4 and SCM440. For the right choice, section size, delivery condition, the standard on the drawing and certificate values should be evaluated together. Get a quote for your AISI 4140 / 42CrMo4 steel requirements: +90 (212) 485 98 98 or visit our contact page.

Özel ölçülerde çelik çubuk ihtiyacınız mı var?

Uyar Çelik’in uzman ekibiyle iletişime geçin. Sıcak haddelenmiş ve soğuk çekilmiş çelik çubuk çeşitlerimiz hakkında teknik destek ve fiyat teklifi alabilirsiniz.

Telefon: +90 (212) 485 9898  |  Web: uyarcelik.com

Hemen İletişime Geç

Diğer Gönderiler

Ağırlık Hesaplama

Çelik profil ağırlığı — yuvarlak, lama, boru, kare, altıgen

Yuvarlak
Lama
Boru
Kare
Altıgen
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
Çap² × 0.006165 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
Kalınlık × Genişlik × 0.00785 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
mm
m
ad
Dış Çap²
0
İç Çap²
0
Fark
0
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
(Dış Çap² − İç Çap²) × 0.006165 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
Kenar² × 0.00785 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
s² × 0.0068 × Boy(m) × Adet
Çelik yoğunluğu: 7.85 g/cm³

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.

34CrNiMo6 (1.6582) Steel: Properties and Applications

34CrNiMo6 (1.6582) Steel: Properties and Applications

 

34CrNiMo6 is a high-strength chromium-nickel-molybdenum alloyed quenched and tempered steel. With the material number 1.6582, this grade is defined in the EN 10083-3 standard. Thanks to its nickel content, it offers high hardenability, excellent toughness and fatigue strength even in large cross-sections. This makes it one of the preferred choices for critical machine parts operating under heavy loads, impact and fluctuating stresses. In this article, you will find the technical properties of 34CrNiMo6, how it differs from 42CrMo4 and 30CrNiMo8, and what to consider when purchasing it.

34CrNiMo6 designation

Each part of the grade name 34CrNiMo6 provides information about the steel’s composition:

  • 34: Approximately 0.34% carbon (100 times the carbon content)
  • Cr, Ni, Mo: The main alloying elements: chromium, nickel and molybdenum
  • 6: Chromium content multiplied by the alloy factor (the factor for chromium is 4; 6 / 4 ≈ 1.5% Cr)

We explain the effects of alloying elements on steel in detail in our article The Effect of Alloying Elements on Steel Structure.

34CrNiMo6 chemical composition

Heat analysis according to EN 10083-3:

ElementContent (%)
Carbon (C)0.30 – 0.38
Silicon (Si)max. 0.40
Manganese (Mn)0.50 – 0.80
Chromium (Cr)1.30 – 1.70
Nickel (Ni)1.30 – 1.70
Molybdenum (Mo)0.15 – 0.30
Phosphorus (P)max. 0.025
Sulfur (S)max. 0.035

34CrNiMo6 mechanical properties (quenched and tempered, +QT)

In quenched and tempered steels, mechanical properties decrease as the cross-section increases. The minimum values by diameter range according to EN 10083-3 are as follows:

Diameter (mm)Yield strength (min.)Tensile strengthElongation (min.)
≤ 161000 MPa1200 – 1400 MPa9%
16 – 40900 MPa1100 – 1300 MPa10%
40 – 100800 MPa1000 – 1200 MPa11%
100 – 160700 MPa900 – 1100 MPa12%
160 – 250600 MPa800 – 950 MPa13%

These values are significantly higher than those of 42CrMo4 in the same diameter range. For example, in the 40–100 mm range, the minimum yield strength is 650 MPa for 42CrMo4, compared with 800 MPa for 34CrNiMo6.

The nickel difference: Why 34CrNiMo6?

Nickel increases the hardenability of steel and improves toughness, especially at low temperatures. As a result, 34CrNiMo6 offers:

  • Uniform structure: More uniform hardness and strength through to the core in large cross-sections.
  • Impact resistance: High resistance to impact and shock loads.
  • Fatigue strength: Long service life in rotating parts and parts under fluctuating loads.
  • Low-temperature safety: Greater safety against brittle fracture at low temperatures.

34CrNiMo6 vs. 42CrMo4 vs. 30CrNiMo8

All three grades are quenched and tempered steels considered for similar applications; the main difference is their nickel content and the resulting hardenability:

Criterion42CrMo434CrNiMo630CrNiMo8
Material no.1.72251.65821.6580
Nickel contentNone1.30–1.70%1.80–2.20%
HardenabilityGoodVery goodExcellent
ToughnessGoodVery goodVery good
Suitable cross-sectionSmall–mediumMedium–largeLarge–very large
CostMore economicalMedium–highHigh

As a general rule, 42CrMo4 is an economical and sufficient solution for medium-section, medium-load parts. As cross-sections grow and loads become heavier, 34CrNiMo6 is preferred, while 30CrNiMo8, with higher chromium, nickel and molybdenum content, is chosen for the most demanding applications with the largest cross-sections.

34CrNiMo6 heat treatment

  • Soft annealing (+A): Applied to improve machinability.
  • Hardening: Oil quenched from approximately 830–860 °C.
  • Tempering: Usually carried out in the 540–660 °C range, depending on the target strength.
  • Nitriding: Can be applied to quenched and tempered material to provide surface hardness and wear resistance.

In nickel alloyed steels, cooling conditions after tempering should be carefully determined to avoid the risk of temper embrittlement.

34CrNiMo6 applications

Typical applications of 34CrNiMo6 include:

  • Large-diameter, heavily loaded transmission shafts
  • Crankshafts, connecting rods and axles
  • Wind turbine and gearbox gears, pinions
  • Power plant and turbine components
  • Construction machinery, mining equipment and crane parts
  • Defense industry and aerospace supply chain components
  • High-strength bolts and fasteners

34CrNiMo6 international equivalents

Grades close to 34CrNiMo6 in different standards are as follows:

StandardEquivalent
EN 10083-334CrNiMo6 (1.6582)
AISI / SAE (approx.)4340
BS (approx.)817M40 (EN24)

Equivalent grades are not identical in chemical composition; in particular, AISI 4340 has different carbon and nickel ranges. For critical parts, the standard specified on the drawing should always be followed.

What to consider when buying 34CrNiMo6

  • Delivery condition: Specify +A (annealed) or +QT (quenched and tempered).
  • Cross-section and strength: Verify that the target strength is achievable for the section size.
  • Inspection: For critical applications, include ultrasonic testing (UT) and internal cleanliness requirements in your request for quotation.
  • Production method: Clarify whether forged or rolled material is required based on your design requirements.
  • Certification: Request an EN 10204 3.1 certificate with chemical analysis and mechanical test results.

Forged or rolled?

High-alloy steels such as 34CrNiMo6 can be supplied as hot rolled bars or forged bars. Forging densifies the internal structure, especially in large diameters, aligns the grain flow with the part geometry and closes internal voids.

For this reason, forged bars are preferred in applications requiring high reliability, such as very large-diameter shafts and wind turbine and gearbox components. For medium-diameter parts intended for series production, hot rolled bars offer an economical solution.

For critical parts, checking for internal defects with ultrasonic testing prevents costly failures that could occur later.

34CrNiMo6 supply from Uyar Çelik

For alloy grades with limited production in Türkiye, Uyar Çelik offers imported hot rolled alloy steel bars and forged steel bars.

Through our European logistics center in Düsseldorf, we provide reliable and traceable supply of critical grades such as 34CrNiMo6, 30CrNiMo8 and 18CrNiMo7-6.

Frequently asked questions

What is the equivalent of 34CrNiMo6?

Its approximate equivalents are considered to be AISI 4340 and BS 817M40 (EN24); however, their chemical composition ranges are not identical.

Should I choose 34CrNiMo6 or 42CrMo4?

42CrMo4 is usually sufficient for medium cross-sections. For large-diameter parts or parts subject to impact or high fatigue loads, 34CrNiMo6 is the safer choice.

Can 34CrNiMo6 be welded?

Its weldability is limited. When welding is unavoidable, preheating, controlled interpass temperature and post-weld heat treatment should be applied.

Conclusion

34CrNiMo6 is a reliable quenched and tempered steel for heavily loaded critical parts, offering high hardenability, toughness and fatigue strength in large cross-sections thanks to its nickel content. For the right choice, section size, delivery condition, production method and inspection requirements should be evaluated together.

Get a quote for 34CrNiMo6 and other alloy steels: +90 (212) 485 98 98 or visit our contact page.

Özel ölçülerde çelik çubuk ihtiyacınız mı var?

Uyar Çelik’in uzman ekibiyle iletişime geçin. Sıcak haddelenmiş ve soğuk çekilmiş çelik çubuk çeşitlerimiz hakkında teknik destek ve fiyat teklifi alabilirsiniz.

Telefon: +90 (212) 485 9898  |  Web: uyarcelik.com

Hemen İletişime Geç

Diğer Gönderiler

Ağırlık Hesaplama

Çelik profil ağırlığı — yuvarlak, lama, boru, kare, altıgen

Yuvarlak
Lama
Boru
Kare
Altıgen
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
Çap² × 0.006165 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
Kalınlık × Genişlik × 0.00785 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
mm
m
ad
Dış Çap²
0
İç Çap²
0
Fark
0
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
(Dış Çap² − İç Çap²) × 0.006165 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
Kenar² × 0.00785 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
s² × 0.0068 × Boy(m) × Adet
Çelik yoğunluğu: 7.85 g/cm³

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.

Steel Supplier Selection: 10 Key Criteria to Consider

Steel Supplier Selection: 10 Key Criteria to Consider

For a manufacturing business, a steel supplier is not just a vendor but one of the most critical links in the supply chain. The wrong grade, a late delivery or a missing certificate can lead to production stoppages, rejected parts and lost customers. Although there are many steel companies on the market, choosing the one that truly fits your needs requires a systematic evaluation against specific criteria. In this article, we list the 10 key criteria you should check when choosing a steel supplier.

10 key criteria for choosing a steel supplier

1. Product range and grade variety

A good supplier should be able to provide the grades you need from a single source. A company that can supply different groups such as structural steels (S235JR, S355JR), engineering and quenched and tempered steels (C45, 42CrMo4), case-hardening steels (16MnCr5), free-cutting steels and stainless steels in round, square, flat and hexagon sections simplifies your purchasing process and reduces the number of suppliers you work with.

2. Compliance with standards

Products that comply with international standards such as EN, DIN, ASTM and SAE prevent mismatches between design and production. The supplier should have a thorough command of standards such as EN 10058–10061 for hot rolled products, and EN 10278 and ASTM A108 for cold drawn products.

3. Material certificates and traceability

Being able to provide an EN 10204 3.1 material certificate with every delivery is a fundamental sign of a professional steel company. The certificate should include the heat number, chemical analysis and mechanical test results, and traceability should be ensured from the labels on the product all the way to the certificate.

4. Quality management system

Quality management system certifications such as ISO 9001 show that the supplier documents its processes and is committed to continuous improvement. It is also worth asking about processes such as incoming inspection, calibration of measuring equipment and nonconformity management.

5. Stock depth and lead times

Large stock means fast delivery when urgent needs arise. Check whether the supplier keeps regular stock of the sizes and grades you use most often, and whether it gives realistic lead times for non-stock items. Companies with multiple warehouses and production facilities are more resilient to logistics disruptions.

6. Tolerances and precision manufacturing capability

Especially for cold drawn steels, a supplier that offers products in tolerance classes ranging from h6 to h12 lets you choose between high-precision and cost-effective solutions. Details such as straightness, surface roughness and edge profile also reflect the supplier’s technical competence.

7. Value-added services

A modern steel supplier does not just sell material in mill lengths. The following services can significantly reduce your total cost:

  • Cut-to-size / custom length cutting
  • Special profiles and custom tolerance production
  • Packaging and labeling solutions
  • Scheduled deliveries and framework agreements

8. Import and international supply network

Some special grades and sizes are not produced in Türkiye, or are produced only in limited quantities. For products such as stainless steel bars, forged steel bars, large cold drawn flat bars or nickel alloy steels, a supplier with a strong import network offers a major advantage.

9. Technical support and consulting

Choosing the right material is critical in terms of both cost and performance. A supplier that can provide consulting on grade selection, determining equivalent materials, heat treatment and tolerances lightens the workload of your engineering team. Weight calculation tools, e-catalogs and technical blog content are also part of this support.

10. Price transparency and total cost

The lowest price per kg does not always mean the lowest cost. When comparing quotes, ask the following:

  • Are cutting, shipping and certificate fees included in the price?
  • Is the lead time compatible with your production schedule?
  • How do tolerances and surface quality affect your machining costs?
  • How does the return and replacement process work for defective deliveries?

Supplier evaluation table

You can use the table below to score your supplier candidates. Multiply the score you give for each criterion by its weight to compare candidates:

CriterionWeightChecklist question
Product range10%Does it offer the grades I need from a single source?
Standards and certification15%Does it provide an EN 10204 3.1 certificate with every delivery?
Quality system10%Does it have a quality management system certificate and incoming inspection?
Stock and delivery15%Are the sizes I use most often in stock, and what is the lead time?
Tolerance capability10%Can it meet the tolerance class I need?
Services10%Can it provide cutting and custom production?
Import network5%Can it source special grades?
Technical support10%Does it offer consulting on material selection?
Total cost15%Is the quote transparent and competitive?

Common mistakes in supplier evaluation

  • Focusing only on price: Low-priced material that is uncertified or out of tolerance can lead to much higher costs in production.
  • Skipping reference checks: Asking about the supplier’s track record with other companies in your industry helps you spot risks early.
  • Skipping samples and incoming inspection: Checking dimensions, hardness and certificates on the first deliveries ensures a long-term partnership gets off to a healthy start.
  • Not measuring performance: Indicators such as on-time delivery rate, number of nonconformities and response time should be tracked regularly.

Why Uyar Çelik?

Uyar Çelik supplies high-quality steel to industry through its headquarters in İkitelli Organized Industrial Zone in Istanbul, its facilities in İMES Organized Industrial Zone in Kocaeli and Karabük Organized Industrial Zone, and its European distribution center in Düsseldorf. With a wide range of grades and sizes in hot rolled and cold drawn steels, tolerance options from h6 to h12, custom length cutting, an imported product range, quality assurance documentation and a free weight calculator, Uyar Çelik is a strong business partner across all of the criteria above.

Frequently asked questions

Which documents should I request from a steel supplier?

At a minimum, you should request an EN 10204 3.1 material certificate, a quality management system certificate and, if necessary, product-specific test reports.

Is it better to work with a single supplier or multiple suppliers?

Working with a reliable main supplier that covers most of your needs simplifies processes, while designating a backup supplier for critical products reduces risk.

What should I pay attention to when buying steel wholesale?

Stock continuity, framework agreement terms, price update intervals, delivery schedule and certification processes should all be clearly defined.

Conclusion

The right steel supplier combines a wide product range, standard-compliant and certified material, reliable delivery, technical support and transparent pricing. Choosing a supplier by scoring all of these criteria, rather than by price per kg alone, delivers the lowest total cost in the long run. For reliable steel supply, contact the Uyar Çelik sales team: +90 (212) 485 98 98 or visit our contact page.

Özel ölçülerde çelik çubuk ihtiyacınız mı var?

Uyar Çelik’in uzman ekibiyle iletişime geçin. Sıcak haddelenmiş ve soğuk çekilmiş çelik çubuk çeşitlerimiz hakkında teknik destek ve fiyat teklifi alabilirsiniz.

Telefon: +90 (212) 485 9898  |  Web: uyarcelik.com

Hemen İletişime Geç

Diğer Gönderiler

Ağırlık Hesaplama

Çelik profil ağırlığı — yuvarlak, lama, boru, kare, altıgen

Yuvarlak
Lama
Boru
Kare
Altıgen
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
Çap² × 0.006165 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
Kalınlık × Genişlik × 0.00785 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
mm
m
ad
Dış Çap²
0
İç Çap²
0
Fark
0
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
(Dış Çap² − İç Çap²) × 0.006165 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
Kenar² × 0.00785 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
s² × 0.0068 × Boy(m) × Adet
Çelik yoğunluğu: 7.85 g/cm³

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.

Steel Prices 2026: 8 Factors That Affect Price per Kg

Steal Prices

Steel Prices 2026: 8 Factors That Affect Price per Kg

Steel prices are among the most frequently researched topics by purchasing teams, yet they are also one of the hardest to answer with a single figure. The reason is simple: “steel” is not a single product. There can be a significant difference in price per kilogram between an S235JR hot rolled flat bar and a cold drawn 42CrMo4 shaft with an h9 tolerance. In this article, we explain the factors that determine the steel price per kg, what to consider when comparing steel prices, and how to request an accurate quotation.

Why Do Steel Prices Change So Frequently?

Steel is a global commodity. Scrap and iron ore prices, energy costs, freight rates, and exchange rates fluctuate continuously. Since a significant share of steel production in Turkey relies on scrap-based electric arc furnaces, fluctuations in scrap prices can quickly affect billet and finished steel prices. For this reason, a fixed “steel price list” found online may become outdated within a matter of days. The most reliable price is a current quotation prepared according to your specific requirements.

8 Key Factors That Determine Steel Price per Kg

1. Steel Grade and Alloy Content

The first factor affecting price is the material grade. Unalloyed structural and engineering steels such as S235JR, S355JR, and C22 are generally more economical. In alloy steels such as 42CrMo4, 34CrNiMo6, and 16MnCr5, which contain chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), or vanadium (V), the cost of the alloying elements directly affects the price per kilogram. Nickel and molybdenum prices in particular can have a significant impact on the cost of alloy steels.

2. Production Method: Hot Rolled or Cold Drawn?

Hot rolled steels (EN 10058–10061) are produced with wider tolerances and are generally more economical. Cold drawn steels (EN 10278) undergo an additional forming process, providing tighter tolerances, better surface quality, and higher strength. This additional processing is reflected in the price per kilogram. However, cold drawn material can often provide a total cost advantage by reducing machining time and material waste.

CriterionHot RolledCold Drawn
StandardEN 10058–10061EN 10278
ToleranceWiderTighter
Surface QualityStandardBetter
Price per KgMore economicalHigher
MachiningMore machining and material wasteShorter machining time

3. Product Form and Cross-Section

Round, square, flat, and hexagonal sections are produced on different rolling and drawing lines. Sizes with lower demand, such as very wide flat bars or large hexagonal bars, may have higher prices because they are produced in smaller batches.

4. Tolerance and Surface Quality

A shaft with an h11 tolerance will not have the same price as a ground shaft with an h8 or h7 tolerance. As tolerances become tighter, production precision, inspection time, and material waste increase. Defining the tolerance your application actually requires helps prevent unnecessary costs.

5. Heat Treatment Condition

Normalized (+N), soft annealed (+A), quenched and tempered (+QT), or induction-hardened materials have different costs. For example, quenched and tempered 42CrMo4 is more expensive than the same grade in the annealed condition, but it eliminates the cost and lead time of performing the heat treatment in your own facility.

6. Order Quantity

The price per kilogram varies according to order volume. When purchasing a single bar, cutting, transportation, and operational costs have a greater impact on the price per kilogram. More competitive pricing may be available for regular purchases and orders placed by the ton.

7. Cutting, Length, and Logistics

Standard lengths generally range from 6 m to 12 m. Services such as custom-length cutting, saw cutting, and packaging affect the total price. The distance to the delivery address and the shipping method are also included in the quotation calculation.

8. Certification and Traceability

Industries such as automotive, defense, energy, and machinery manufacturing may require an EN 10204 3.1 material certificate. Supplying material that is traceable down to the heat number is critical for quality assurance and should also be taken into account when comparing prices.

What Should You Consider When Comparing Steel Prices?

Comparing quotations from different suppliers based solely on the price per kilogram can be misleading. The table below summarizes the key points that should be checked for an accurate comparison:

Item to CheckWhy Is It Important?
Grade and standard (e.g. C45 – EN 10083-2)Products with similar names may have different chemical compositions
Tolerance class (h9, h11, etc.)Affects machining time and material waste
Heat treatment condition (+N, +A, +QT)Changes additional processing costs
Certificate type (EN 10204 3.1)Provides traceability and quality assurance
Are cutting and delivery included?Directly affects the total cost
Lead time and stock availabilityCritical for preventing disruptions to your production schedule

How Are Steel Weight and Total Cost Calculated?

Steel is generally priced by kilogram or ton. Therefore, accurately calculating the weight of the material you need is the first step in budget planning. Steel density is generally taken as approximately 7.85 g/cm³. For example, a Ø50 mm round bar weighs approximately 15.41 kg per meter. A 6-meter bar weighs approximately 92.5 kg. The total cost can be calculated as follows:

  • Total weight (kg) = Weight per meter × Total length
  • Material cost = Total weight × Price per kg
  • Total cost = Material cost + Cutting + Transportation + Additional processing (if applicable)

If you want to calculate the weight of different sections and dimensions in seconds, you can use our free Uyar Çelik steel weight calculator.

What Information Should You Provide to Get an Accurate Quote?

For a fast and accurate quotation, your request should include the following information:

  • Steel grade: S355JR, C45, 42CrMo4, 16MnCr5, etc.
  • Section type and dimensions: Ø60 round bar, 50×10 flat bar, 40×40 square bar, etc.
  • Production method and tolerance: Hot rolled / cold drawn, h9, h11
  • Heat treatment condition: Specify if applicable
  • Quantity: Kg, number of pieces, bars, and required length
  • Certification and delivery: Certificate requirements and delivery address

4 Practical Ways to Reduce Costs

  • Define your tolerance requirements correctly: If the part will already be turned, h11 or hot rolled material may be sufficient instead of h9.
  • Standardize dimensions: Consolidating similar diameters used across different projects into a single standard size can provide inventory and pricing advantages.
  • Plan your purchases: Sharing your annual requirements and establishing a framework agreement can provide greater price and delivery-time certainty.
  • Consider the total cost per finished part: Cold drawn material with a slightly higher price per kilogram may reduce the cost per part by shortening machining time.

Competitive Steel Prices from Uyar Çelik

Uyar Çelik supplies high-quality hot rolled and cold drawn steels through its facilities in Istanbul İkitelli Organized Industrial Zone, Kocaeli İMES, and Karabük Organized Industrial Zone, as well as its European logistics center in Düsseldorf. With extensive stock availability, standard and custom-length cutting services, and a product range compliant with EN and ASTM standards, Uyar Çelik provides materials suited to your requirements at competitive steel prices. For grades with limited production availability in Turkey, you can also benefit from our imported product options.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why Do Steel Prices Change Every Day?

Steel prices are dynamic because cost factors such as scrap, iron ore, energy, freight, and exchange rates are constantly changing. For this reason, the most accurate price is always provided by a current quotation.

Why Is Cold Drawn Steel More Expensive?

Cold drawing is an additional production process that provides tighter tolerances, better surface quality, and higher strength. However, it can reduce the total cost by shortening machining time and reducing material removal.

Can I Buy Steel in Small Quantities?

Yes. Quotations can also be provided for single bars or pieces cut to custom dimensions. However, for small quantities, cutting and logistics costs have a greater impact on the price per kilogram.

Conclusion

Steel prices vary according to material grade, production method, tolerance, heat treatment, quantity, logistics, and certification requirements. For this reason, evaluating the total cost per finished part rather than focusing solely on the price per kilogram provides a more accurate comparison. For current steel prices and stock availability, request a quotation today: +90 (212) 485 98 98 or contact us through our contact page. Our experienced sales team can help you determine the most suitable steel grade and dimensions for your requirements.

Özel ölçülerde çelik çubuk ihtiyacınız mı var?

Uyar Çelik’in uzman ekibiyle iletişime geçin. Sıcak haddelenmiş ve soğuk çekilmiş çelik çubuk çeşitlerimiz hakkında teknik destek ve fiyat teklifi alabilirsiniz.

Telefon: +90 (212) 485 9898  |  Web: uyarcelik.com

Hemen İletişime Geç

Diğer Gönderiler

Ağırlık Hesaplama

Çelik profil ağırlığı — yuvarlak, lama, boru, kare, altıgen

Yuvarlak
Lama
Boru
Kare
Altıgen
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
Çap² × 0.006165 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
Kalınlık × Genişlik × 0.00785 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
mm
m
ad
Dış Çap²
0
İç Çap²
0
Fark
0
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
(Dış Çap² − İç Çap²) × 0.006165 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
Kenar² × 0.00785 × Boy(m) × Adet
mm
m
ad
Toplam Ağırlık
0
kg
s² × 0.0068 × Boy(m) × Adet
Çelik yoğunluğu: 7.85 g/cm³

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.